• Fire alarm system: Receives smoke and heat signals through detectors or emergency push buttons, transmits them to the central control panel to activate bells, sirens, and flashing lights for evacuation. The system consists of two main types: conventional (Zone) fire alarms and addressable fire alarms.
• Fire suppression system: Includes water-based fire suppression systems (automatic sprinkler heads, wall-mounted hydrants), foam fire suppression systems (for gasoline and oil), and clean gas fire suppression systems (FM200, N2, CO2 – used for server rooms and electrical cabinets to prevent equipment damage).
• Fire containment system: Consists of fire-resistant doors and fire-resistant partitions (gypsum board, mineral wool) that help contain the fire and prevent toxic smoke from spreading through escape routes.
• Lightning protection system: Uses lightning rods, down conductors, and grounding systems buried deep underground to safely capture and dissipate the extremely large current from lightning strikes.

M – Mechanical (Mechanical Engineering & Heating & Cooling Systems)

• Air conditioning (AC) systems: Use a closed-loop system of refrigerant through a compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator to regulate temperature, humidity, and cool a room (split air conditioners, central VRV/VRF systems, chillers).
• Ventilation system: Utilizes fans, ducts, and vents to actively supply fresh, oxygen-rich air, remove exhaust fumes and odors, and, most importantly, extract smoke for rescue purposes in corridors/basements during a fire.

E – Electrical (Electrical System)

• Power and lighting systems: Including substations, distribution cabinets, power transmission lines for production and daily life, and various types of lights (LED, fluorescent, emergency lights).
• Low Voltage (ELV) systems: A collection of technologies that operate at low voltage, such as internet/telephone (Data/Tel) networks, security cameras (CCTV), access control, public address (PA) systems, and cable television (SCTV) systems.

P – Plumbing (Water Supply and Drainage System)

• Water supply: A system of water tanks, booster pumps, and pipelines delivering clean water to consumption points within the building.
• Drainage & Wastewater Treatment: Rainwater and domestic wastewater are collected through a vertical pipeline system and led to a septic tank or centralized wastewater treatment plant before being discharged into the environment.